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Technology · 19 missions

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Mariner 4
1964Success

Mariner 4

The first spacecraft to fly by Mars and return close-up photographs of another planet.

Skylab
1973Success

Skylab

America’s first space station hosts three crews and proves humans can live in space for months.

Magellan
1989Success

Magellan

Radar mapping strips away the clouds of Venus to reveal a world of volcanoes and lava plains.

Hubble Space Telescope (STS-31)
1990Ongoing

Hubble Space Telescope (STS-31)

The telescope that rewrote astronomy, saved in orbit by five servicing missions.

Mars Pathfinder & Sojourner
1996Success

Mars Pathfinder & Sojourner

Airbags bounce a lander onto Mars carrying Sojourner, the first rover on another planet.

ISS Expedition 1
2000Success

ISS Expedition 1

The first resident crew boards the International Space Station, beginning 25+ years of continuous human presence in orbit.

Spirit (MER-A)
2003Success

Spirit (MER-A)

A 90-day rover mission that lasted six years and found evidence of ancient hot springs on Mars.

Opportunity (MER-B)
2003Success

Opportunity (MER-B)

The record-breaking rover drives a marathon across Mars over nearly 15 years.

Spitzer Space Telescope
2003Success

Spitzer Space Telescope

The infrared Great Observatory peers through cosmic dust and studies distant exoplanets.

Phoenix Mars Lander
2007Success

Phoenix Mars Lander

A polar lander digs into the Martian arctic and touches water ice for the first time.

Kepler Space Telescope
2009Success

Kepler Space Telescope

The planet hunter that proved planets outnumber stars in our galaxy.

Juno
2011Ongoing

Juno

A solar-powered spacecraft dives through Jupiter’s radiation belts to probe its hidden interior.

MAVEN
2013Ongoing

MAVEN

An orbiter solves the mystery of how Mars lost its atmosphere to the solar wind.

OSIRIS-REx
2016Success

OSIRIS-REx

A seven-year round trip brings back pristine samples of asteroid Bennu.

InSight
2018Success

InSight

A seismometer on the Martian plains listens to marsquakes and maps the planet’s interior.

Parker Solar Probe
2018Ongoing

Parker Solar Probe

The fastest human-made object flies through the Sun’s atmosphere.

DART
2021Success

DART

Humanity’s first planetary defense test successfully changes an asteroid’s orbit.

James Webb Space Telescope
2021Ongoing

James Webb Space Telescope

The most powerful space telescope ever built unfolds a million miles from Earth.

Europa Clipper
2024Ongoing

Europa Clipper

The largest planetary spacecraft NASA has ever built heads for Jupiter’s ocean moon.

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